Parental Leave in Germany: Everything You Need to Know as an Expecting Parent

Whether you are employed, self-employed, or a student, Germany offers one of the most generous parental leave systems in the world. Here is a complete breakdown of how it works.

What Is Elternzeit?

Elternzeit is the official parental leave period during which either or both parents can take time off work to care for their newborn. It is separate from Elterngeld (the financial benefit) and focuses specifically on your right to step away from your job without losing it.

How Long Can You Take?

Each parent is entitled to up to 3 years of Elternzeit per child. This does not have to be taken all at once. You can split it into up to three separate periods, giving you flexibility to return to work and then take leave again as your child grows. Up to 12 months of this leave can even be carried over and used before the child turns 8 years old, which is particularly useful for school transitions.

Do Both Parents Get It?

Yes, and this is one of the most important aspects of the German system. Both parents have an independent right to Elternzeit, and they can take it:

• Simultaneously, both at home at the same time

• Consecutively, one after the other

• In any combination that works for your family

Job Protection During Elternzeit

One of the strongest features of Elternzeit is the legal job protection it provides. Your employer:

• Cannot terminate your contract during parental leave

• Must hold your position or offer an equivalent role upon your return

• Cannot pressure you to return earlier than planned

This protection begins 8 weeks before the start of your Elternzeit and lasts until the leave ends.

Can You Work During Elternzeit?

Yes, with conditions. You are allowed to work up to 32 hours per week during Elternzeit. This is a significant change from the previous 30-hour limit and gives parents more flexibility to ease back into the workforce gradually while still being present for their child.

What About Students?

Students are also entitled to take a leave of absence from their university during this period. Most German universities allow students to take a Urlaubssemester, a semester of leave, for reasons of pregnancy and childcare. During this time you are still enrolled but exempt from exams and coursework. It is worth contacting your university's Studierendenwerk early to understand exactly what is available to you, as rules vary between institutions.

How to Register for Elternzeit

You must notify your employer in writing at least 7 weeks before the leave is due to start. For leave taken within the first 3 years of your child's life, you must register at least 7 weeks in advance. For leave taken between the child's 3rd and 8th birthday, the notice period is 13 weeks. Missing these deadlines can delay the start of your leave, so mark them in your calendar early.